For enzymes, depending on the chemical reactions they catalyse); PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography. Competing interests The authors declare that they’ve no competing interests. Authors’ contributions The authors have created the following declarations regarding their contributions. AR, GF, HC, FC and SC conceived and developed the experiments. AR, KG, GD, NB and MR performed the experiments. AR, GF, PBP, HC, FC and SC analysed the information. PBP, PS and YR contributed reagents/ materials/analysis tools. AR, GF, PBP, HC, FC and SC contributed to text, tables and figures within the paper. AR, FC and SC wrote the paper. All authors study and authorized the final manuscript.Acknowledgements Funding: This function was supported by the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR, France), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Investigation Council (BBSRC, UK) ?MetNet4SysBio ?project grant (2008-2010), and an INSA-Lyon BQR plan grant (2008-2009) to SC. AR was the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French Ministry of Research (2008-2011). The authors would like to thank Pierre Masselot, who worked around the information through his statistics instruction internship and contributed helpful feedback. The authors are grateful to Alain Clavel for plant production and to Valerie James for the English language editing with the final manuscript. Author information 1 Insa-Lyon, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne F-69621, France. 2Inra, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne F-69621, France. 3Universit?de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France. 4Inria Rh e-Alpes, Bamboo, Monbonnot Saint-Martin F-38330, France. Received: 19 September 2012 Accepted: 14 March 2013 Published: ten April 2013 References 1. Buchner P: Symbiosis in animals which suck plant juices. In Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms.Buy6-Chlorobenzo[a]phenazin-5-ol Edited by Buchner P.Price of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxyisonicotinic acid New York: Interscience; 1965:210?32. 2. Douglas AE: The microbial dimension in insect nutritional ecology. Funct Ecol 2009, 23:38?7. 3. Baumann P, Moran NA, Baumann L, Dworkin M: Bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of insects. Inside the Prokaryotes. Edited by Dworkin M. New York: Springer; 2000:1?five. 4. Baumann P: Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking Insects. Annu Rev Microbiol 2005, 59:155?89. 5. Ziegler H, Zimmermann DL, Milburn JA: Nature of Substances in Phloem: Nature of Transported Substances.PMID:23927631 In Transport in Plants I – Phloem Transport, Volume 1. Edited by Zimmermann DL, Milburn JA. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1975:59?00. 6. Liadouze I, Febvay G, Guillaud J, Bonnot G: Metabolic fate of energetic amino acids within the aposymbiotic pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Symbiosis 1996, 21:115?27. 7. Douglas AE: Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera. Annu Rev Entomol 1998, 43:17?7. eight. Febvay G, Rahbe Y, Rynkiewicz M, Guillaud J, Bonnot G: Fate of dietary sucrose and neosynthesis of amino acids inside the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, reared on distinctive diets. J Exp Biol 1999, 202:2639?652. 9. Moran NA, Baumann P: Bacterial endosymbionts in animals. Curr Opin Microbiol 2000, three:270?75. ten. Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H: Genome sequence from the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature 2000, 407:81?6. 11. Le Trionnaire G, Hardie J, Jaubert-Possamai S, Simon J-C, Tagu D: Shifting from clonal to sexual repr.